When determining stability, it is necessary to enter the section network by deducting door and window openings.
When determining V, it is also necessary to exclude openings, and when calculating O and Z, it is necessary to check the voltages in two assumptions: in the presence of a temporary load on the inter -story ceilings and in the absence of such.
If the gender of the basement floor, by its constructive execution, cannot perceive lateral efforts, the foundation wall can be deformed or due to the shift of one part of the wall in relation to the other or due to the shift of the wall along the sole of the foundation.
To ensure the stability of the wall and the sole of the foundation, the following inequalities must be observed:
where T is a stability coefficient, usually taken equal to 1.25-1.50.
If the building has transverse walls, then the deformation of the foundation wall can occur not only in the vertical plane, but also in the horizontal, and depending on the nature of the support for the ceiling and the floor of the basement, the wall can be considered as a plate, operated in two, three or four Parties. Due to the fact that the distance between the transverse walls L is usually quite significant and so much more than the height of the basement of the gate floor, the deformation of the wall in the horizontal plane most often has the form, indicated by 392. This deformation is especially likely when there is no gender of the basement floor.
If the building does not have inter-story floors or any constructive element capable of serving as a landing for the upper edge of the foundation wall, the lateral pressure of the soil seeks to overturn the wall or bend it like a beam, which was made by one end. The conditions of stability in this case are determined by the following inequalities and should be determined for the unit of the length of the foundation wall.
When arranging rooms partially or completely deepened into the ground, it is necessary to arrange fences against the penetration of surface and groundwater in them.
As such fences, 1) drainage are used; 2) the device of external insulation of the walls; 3) impenetrable masonry; 4) the device of internal insulation of the walls.
