The simplest waterproofing tool should be recognized as a floor laying and foundation walls from waterproof materials. However, most of the materials and solutions are waterproof, and in addition, water is possible on the surfaces of contacting the solution with individual stones, if masonry was not carefully carried out. Therefore, for laying walls under the pressure of surface or groundwater, it is most advisable to use concrete as the most approaching monolith.
Practice shows that the fat cement mortar of the composition is 1: 2 and 1: 2.5, as well as fatty concrete with careful work, with a coiner selection of the granulometric composition and with proper dosage of water can be quite waterproof. When using liquid concrete, the water resistance is more obtained than with half -dry concrete, since concrete hardening in the presence of a sufficient amount of moisture is always less waterproof than concrete in the air that accelerates the evaporation of water from concrete. However, greater water resistance in this case is achieved to the detriment of strength. Concrete resistance to penetration of water through it can be increased by the additives of clay, fat lime or track to it.
Polytechnic Institute Rensselaer in Troy, N. Y. Two -year experiments have proved that the addition of up to 10% of clay to fatty concrete not only increases its strength and water resistance, but also resistance to atmospheric effects.
German engineer Schulce recommends the following compositions of solutions for the preparation of waterproof concrete. They are the advantage that during the construction they turn out to be less rigid than ordinary concrete, which is the danger of cracks due to sediment in this case less. In addition, such concrete is especially suitable for hydraulic structures in contact with sea water.
In addition to clay, lime and a route to fill the pores in the solution, a number of other materials are used: soap, mineral oil, kvass, and special: ceresitis, hydrosite, anti -aquabs, aquabar, etc. D.
According to American and German practice, 1 m3 of the loose mass of the solution, it is enough to add the next number of materials mentioned.
